augment

The augment is a prefix used in certain Indo-European languages (Indo-Iranian, Greek, Armenian and Phrygian) to indicate past time. The augment is of rather late origin in Proto-Indo-European, and in the oldest attested daughter languages, such as Vedic Sanskrit and early Greek, it is used optionally. The same verb forms when used without the augment carry an injunctive sense. The augment originally appears to have been a separate word, with the potential meaning of 'there, then', which in time got fused to the verb. The augment is in PIE (é- in Greek, á- in Sanskrit) and always bears the accent. Greek The predominant scholarly view on the prehistory of the augment is that it was originally a separate grammatical particle, although dissenting opinions have occasionally been voiced. Homeric Greek In Homer, past-tense (aorist or imperfect) verbs appeared both with and without an augment.