Firestorm

Creation

In an interview, Conway discussed his reasoning and influences while creating the character: "I always loved the idea of the hair on fire, I think it goes back to Johnny Storm, the Human Torch, an entire flaming character, of course." Conway further elaborated, "I'd been playing around with the idea of a teenage superhero for DC, who could sort of fill the hole that had been left in my heart by leaving Spider-Man behind. I'd been thinking about the tropes — one of which was the meek, mild alter ego, the brainy kid who, in wish fulfillment, gets superpowers, is extremely powerful… able to do things that he hadn't been able to do before. That was, I think, the major motivating force—I wanted to play on that trope.

To do that, I wanted to flip it around: create a guy who wasn't the brightest guy in the room, the not-terribly-smart guy who became a superpowered character. The way I'd make that work: I'd bring him into contact with the smarter person, who would also share the powers. This led to… the multiple-people-in-one, Professor Stein/Ronnie Raymond dynamic."

Jack Kirby's design for Lightray's costume influenced the look of artist Al Milgrom's creation of Firestorm. In a 2019 interview, Milgrom admitted: "The facemask on Firestorm, the way it comes around the chin, was probably inspired by Lightray more than anything... I liked the [Lightray] head-covering thing; I said, "I'm stealin' it!".

In a 2016 interview with Comic Book Resources, preceding the release of the comic series Legends of Tomorrow, Conway further discussed the creation of Firestorm. Although Firestorm was created amidst the Cold War and tension over nuclear weapons, Conway stated that nuclear power was not conceived as a core aspect of the character and considered Ronnie Raymond and Martin Stein's dynamic more important.

Publication history

The first Firestorm series was short-lived and canceled after the fifth issue, becoming a victim of the company-wide "DC Implosion". The sixth issue was included in Cancelled Comic Cavalcade.

Writer Gerry Conway added Firestorm to the roster of Justice League of America. This led to a series of eight-page stories in the back of The Flash (issues 289–304; with art by George Pérez, Jim Starlin and others), and a revival of a monthly Firestorm comic written by Gerry Conway in 1982. The Fury of Firestorm (later called Firestorm the Nuclear Man) lasted from 1982 until 1990.

Firestorm (vol. 3) ran from 2004 to 2007, and introduced the second Firestorm, Jason Rusch, following Ronnie Raymond's death in Identity Crisis.

The Fury of Firestorm: The Nuclear Men, a series starring Ronnie Raymond and Jason Rusch, ran from 2012 to 2013 as part of The New 52 continuity reboot. It was initially written by Gail Simone and Ethan Van Sciver and drawn by Yıldıray Çınar. Joe Harris replaced Simone starting in issue #7, while Van Sciver also provided the art for issues #7 and 8 before Çınar returned. Veteran writer/artist Dan Jurgens took over the series with issue #13 in 2012, until the series' end with issue #20 in 2013.

In 2016, Firestorm was one of the features in the Legends of Tomorrow television series, which united Martin Stein and Jefferson Jackson as Firestorm. The unrelated comic series Legends of Tomorrow, published around the same time, was an anthology series with Ronnie Raymond and Jason Rusch as two of the starring characters.

In April 2026, Firestorm received a new ongoing series, The Fury of Firestorm, as part of the "DC Next Level" publishing initiative. The series is written by Jeff Lemire, with art by Rafael De Latorre. Originally a limited series with six issues, The Fury of Firestorm was extended to nine issues, then 15 issues, due to its popularity.

Firestorm has faced off with many enemies in his publication history. Thinker and Danton Black/Multiplex was introduced in issue 1, and Killer Frost was introduced in issue 3. Introduced in Firestorm Volume 2, this included Black Bison, Plastique, the 2000 Committee, Hyena, the Assassination Bureau, Enforcer, Mindboggler, Moonbow, Breathtaker, Pozhar, Sand Demon, Shadowstorm, Shango, Slipknot, Stalnoivolk, Tokamak, Weasel, and Zuggernaut. Other enemies introduced later in publication included Bolt (Blue Devil #6), Brimstone (Legends #1), Naiad (Firestorm, the Nuclear Man #90), and Deathstorm (Brightest Day #10).

Aliases

Ronnie Raymond / Martin Stein

The original Firestorm was distinguished by his integrated dual identity. High school student Ronnie Raymond and Nobel Prize-winning physicist Martin Stein were caught in an accident that allowed them to fuse into Firestorm. Due to Stein being unconscious during the accident, Raymond was prominently in command of the Firestorm form with Stein a voice of reason inside his mind, able to offer Raymond advice on how to use their powers without having any control. Banter between the two was a hallmark of their adventures. Stein is initially unaware of their dual identity, leaving him concerned about his unusual disappearances and blackouts, but Ronnie eventually convinces him of the truth, allowing them to bond as separate individuals rather than as parts of a whole.

Ronnie Raymond / Martin Stein / Mikhail Arkadin

When Conway left the series in 1986, John Ostrander (with artist Joe Brozowski) began writing the Firestorm stories. His first major story arc pitted Firestorm against the world as the hero, acting on a suggestion from a terminally ill Martin Stein, demanded that the United States and the Soviet Union destroy all of their nuclear weapons. After confrontations with the Justice League and most of his enemies, Firestorm faced the Russian nuclear superhero Pozhar in the Nevada desert, where an atomic bomb was dropped on them. A new Firestorm resulted, a fusion of the two heroes: this new Firestorm was composed of Ronnie Raymond and the Russian Mikhail Arkadin but controlled by Stein's disembodied amnesiac mind.

Fire Elemental

The Firestorm with Arkadin proved to be a transitional phase, as in 1989 Ostrander fundamentally changed the character of Firestorm by revealing that Firestorm was a "Fire Elemental". Firestorm now became something of an environmental crusader, formed from Ronnie Raymond, Mikhail Arkadin, and Svarozhich, a Soviet clone of the previous Firestorm, but with a new mind. Martin Stein, no longer part of the composite at all, continued to play a role, but the focus was on this radically different character. New artist Tom Mandrake would create a new look to match. During this time, Firestorm meets Sango and the Orishas, the elemental gods of Nigeria.

By the series' 100th issue, Stein learns that he was intended to be the true Fire Elemental and would have been being it not for Ronnie Raymond also being there by circumstance. Raymond and Arkadin lose their powers and Stein becomes the sole Firestorm. After saving Earth, Stein spends many years traveling through space as a wanderer, rarely returning to Earth.

After the transition to the elemental Firestorm, all of the main characters from the series vanished from the comics for some time after the cancellation of the Firestorm comic in 1990. Ronnie Raymond eventually returns in the pages of Extreme Justice. Raymond, at the time undergoing treatment for leukemia, regains his original powers after a chemotherapy session. Firestorm begins to appear regularly in a number of DC titles, though lacking the guidance and knowledge necessary to use his skills wisely. Firestorm is drafted by Batman into a "replacement" Justice League that was commissioned in case something befell the original team (in this case, being stranded in the distant past in "The Obsidian Age" storyline). After the original team returns, Firestorm remains as a reserve member of the League and participated in events such as a team-up with the Justice Society of America (in JLA/JSA: Virtue and Vice) and the crossover story JLA/Avengers. He was also briefly a member of the Power Company.

Jason Rusch

Jason Rusch is the second Firestorm, introduced following Ronnie Raymond's death in Identity Crisis. He was created by writer Dan Jolley and artist ChrisCross.

Jason was a 17-year-old living in Detroit who wanted nothing more than to escape his home city. He lived with his father, who had turned abusive after he lost his hand in an industrial accident. His mother left the family sometime after the accident. With the loss of a job he needed for college tuition, Jason turned to a local thug for money, accepting a job as a courier. It was on that job that he encountered the Firestorm matrix, searching for a new host after Ronnie Raymond's death. In the aftermath, Jason struggled to cope with his new identity and powers—a struggle that led to the death of the man who had hired him.

Jason Rusch / Martin Stein

In the 2006 miniseries Infinite Crisis, it was revealed that Martin Stein, alive in space as the "Elemental Firestorm", had sensed the presence of Jason Rusch within the Firestorm matrix, but was unaware of Ronnie Raymond's death. When Jason, as Firestorm, was gravely wounded in the line of duty, Stein linked with him in a variation of the merge, promising Jason a new Firestorm body to let him return into battle (although Stein had been unable to save his friend Mick Wong) and asking him about Ronnie's fate.

Accepting Stein's proposal, Jason asked him to become the permanent second member of the Firestorm matrix. Sensing his "errors" (including Mick's death) were the result of his youth and lack of experience, he sought the experience and maturity of Stein. Stein refused at first, but later accepted Jason's request, thus ensuring both a new Firestorm body and the reconstruction of human bodies for both Rusch and Stein.

It was revealed in Infinite Crisis that Jason would have been a native of Earth-Eight in the old multiverse.

Jason Rusch / Firehawk

As the storyline jumped ahead one year (and the series was re-titled as Firestorm the Nuclear Man from issue #23 on), Martin Stein has mysteriously vanished, and Jason Rusch has been merging with Firehawk to become Firestorm, allowing him to use her powers as well. The two decided to look for Stein together. Stein had been kidnapped and tortured by the Pupil (Adrian Burroughs), his former teaching assistant. Flanked by the D.O.L.L.I.s, a group of cyborg soldiers of limited cognitive ability, the Pupil questioned Stein about the secrets of the universe. Jason and Firehawk, along with the mysterious teleporter Gehenna, freed the captured Stein and restored him to full health. Jason is a college freshman at New York City's Columbus University and seems to have ties with Dani Sharpe, a member of the senior staff at LexCorp.

The Firestorm team of Jason and Firehawk made several appearances across the DC universe before the search for Martin Stein ended. This included dealing with the latest OMAC and teaming up with Superman in the "Back in Action" story arc in Action Comics. Firehawk later introduced Jason to Pozhar, a Russian superhero who was once a part of the Firestorm matrix; together, the trio takes on a newly reborn Tokamak. This series ended with Firestorm the Nuclear Man #35 (April 2007).

Jason Rusch / Ronnie Raymond

In Blackest Night, Ronnie Raymond is resurrected as a Black Lantern dubbed Deathstorm. In Brightest Day, Deathstorm becomes a separate entity. Ronnie is fully resurrected by the Life Entity and works with Jason to stop him from destroying the universe.

In The New 52 continuity reboot, Ronnie and Jason are classmates who gain powers after obtaining Martin Stein's "God Particle". They are able to operate as separate Firestorms or merge into a creature dubbed Fury.

Doomsday Clock

The DC Rebirth relaunch restores a version of Firestorm's initial origin to continuity. In Doomsday Clock, Doctor Manhattan informs Ronnie Raymond that Martin Stein deliberately transformed the two into Firestorm to study metahumans. Ronnie, furious at Stein, begins operating as Firestorm on his own. However, he is taken over by the Firestorm matrix, which is revealed to be sentient.

Powers and abilities

Firestorm has the ability to rearrange molecular or particle structures of any substance into almost anything else, creating different atomic structures of equal mass. He can transmute the basic composition of an object (e.g., transmuting lead into gold) and can also change its shape or form at will. Much like Green Lantern's limitations, Firestorm can only create items whose workings are understood by the "driver" of the Firestorm matrix, though he can make more complex sentient constructs out of the matrix's energies. Unlike Green Lantern's creations, Firestorm's alterations are permanent unless he reverses them.

Initially, he could not affect organic matter without painful, even lethal, feedback (i.e., fatal biophysical disruption or even localized particle motion phenomena like extreme changes in the weather). It was later revealed that Firestorm could always change organic matter, but opted not to. After Jason Rusch became Firestorm, however, this weakness appeared to have dissipated. With old and new variations, the organic limitation does not extend to his own person, as its users can molecularly change their driver self at will, allowing them to regenerate lost or damaged bodily tissue, boost immune systems, shape-shift, increase physical capabilities and survive indefinitely without food, sleep, water or air. Capacities as such produce superhuman levels of strength, durability, stamina and resistance to injury great enough to challenge the New Gods or surviving the rigors of outer space and sitting near the inner corona above the Sun's photosphere without discomfort. Stein has stated Firestorm's power to be theoretically infinite, harnessing the spark of creation, the Big Bang itself. However, infinite power runs the risk of burning out its host.

While the Firestorm matrix can be utilized by a single host, it is not recommended. The matrix functions best with two people, a primary and secondary pilot to comprehend and master it. Martin Stein instructed Jason Rusch on how to study current and potential powers available to them within the matrix and to manually adjust them on the fly at a later date. Its main source of energy stemmed from the ambient stellar energies of native stars and suns, but it could also use its co-pilot as a power source, though they will burn out over time and genetically disintegrate if not properly adjusted to its power.

The merging aspect of the matrix can enable outside fusions that assimilate any inherent abilities these others might possess. However, this can diminish its effectiveness and stability. Rusch has shown he can spontaneously warp himself and others he had previously merged with to his specific location, triggering the neural pathway connection and allowing the gestalt to access each other's knowledge and memories to better utilize Firestorm's capabilities. Users of the Firestorm matrix can access a type of ancestral memory from the continuum of past matrix users, allowing them to access the latest knowledge of the atoms comprising it. This also translates into a form of time-space sight in which the matrix user can glimpse the past, present, future, and alternate lives of every other Firestorm throughout reality using a collective of subatomic wormholes that exist as a part of the matrix. This power is too complex to properly control; thus, it has been highly unreliable as an ability.

Enemies

In alphabetical order (with issue and date of debut appearance).

Other versions

Firestorm has appeared in various alternate realities within the DC Multiverse: a gender-reversed version appears in Countdown: The Search for Ray Palmer as an inhabitant of Earth-11; a version of Ronnie Raymond appeared in JLA: The Nail, as a captive of Cadmus Labs; a Firestork of the Just'a Lotta Animals; and a fusion of Ronnie Raymond and Nathaniel Adam of Earth-37 called Quantum-Storm who was summoned by Monarch in the miniseries Countdown: Arena. A 31st-century clone of Firestorm appeared as part of the eponymous team in the series Justice League 3000.

In other media

Television

The Ronnie Raymond / Martin Stein incarnation of Firestorm appears in Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show, voiced by Mark L. Taylor and Olan Soule respectively.

The Ronnie Raymond / Martin Stein incarnation of Firestorm appears in The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians, voiced by Mark L. Taylor and Ken Sansom respectively.

The Ronnie Raymond / Martin Stein incarnation of Firestorm was planned to appear in Justice League Unlimited, with writer/producer Dwayne McDuffie stating that the series' producers had permission from DC Comics to use them. However, the series' creators could not come up with a story that they liked. Later on, it was stated that the character was intended to be the focus of "The Greatest Story Never Told", but was ultimately replaced with Booster Gold.

The Ronnie Raymond / Jason Rusch incarnation of Firestorm appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by Bill Fagerbakke and Tyler James Williams respectively. Producer James Tucker said, "...the smart kid has the body and he's got this dumb guy in his head telling him stuff...it's kind of a total flip of the original Firestorm".

The Ronnie Raymond incarnation of Firestorm appears in the Robot Chicken DC Comics Special segment "Real Characters From the DC Universe", voiced by Alfred Molina.

The Ronnie Raymond / Martin Stein incarnation of Firestorm appears in Justice League Action, voiced by P. J. Byrne and Stephen Tobolowsky respectively.

Arrowverse

Firestorm appears in media set in The CW's Arrowverse, with Martin Stein portrayed by Victor Garber, Ronnie Raymond portrayed by Robbie Amell, and Jefferson "Jax" Jackson portrayed by Franz Drameh.

Stein, Raymond, and Jackson first appear in the live-action TV series The Flash, with Stein and Raymond as the first incarnation of Firestorm after they were fused with the former's F.I.R.E.S.T.O.R.M. matrix during the explosion of Harrison Wells' particle accelerator. They initially lack control over their powers until Wells safely separates them, allowing the pair to master their powers and join the Flash in fighting crime until Raymond sacrifices himself to save Central City. After the F.I.R.E.S.T.O.R.M. matrix begins to destabilize and threaten Stein's life, Team Flash eventually find Jackson, who joins forces with Stein to become the new Firestorm despite initial hesitancy and leaves Central City with him to hone their powers.

Additionally, Jason Rusch appears in the episode "Revenge of the Rogues", portrayed by Luc Roderique.

An Earth-2 incarnation of Ronnie called Deathstorm appears in the episode "Welcome to Earth-2" as Killer Frost's significant other, and an enforcer for Zoom before being killed by the latter.

Deathstorm from Earth-Prime appears in the eighth season, additionally portrayed by Milton Barnes, Alexa Barajas, Rick Cosnett, and Michelle Harrison. This version is a cold fusion entity who obtained sentience following Earth-1 Raymond's sacrifice. Deathstorm attacks and kills indiscriminately throughout Central City to feed on grief until it is defeated by Hell Frost.

Jackson and Stein appear in the animated web series Vixen, with Drameh and Garber reprising their respective roles.

Jackson and Stein appear in the live-action TV series Legends of Tomorrow, with Drameh and Garber reprising their respective roles and Graeme McComb portraying a younger version of Stein. Stein and Jackson join the Legends in traveling through and stopping evildoers across time until the "Crisis on Earth-X" crossover, during which Stein is killed by Nazis from Earth-X and takes a formula developed by Ray Palmer to prevent Jackson from dying with him.

Film

The Jason Rusch incarnation of Firestorm appears in Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths, voiced by Cedric Yarbrough. Additionally, an unnamed, alternate universe version appears as a member of the Crime Syndicate.

The Jason Rusch incarnation of Firestorm appears in Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: The Flash, voiced by Phil LaMarr.

The Ronnie Raymond incarnation of Firestorm appears in Justice League: Crisis on Infinite Earths.

Video games

The Ronnie Raymond / Martin Stein incarnation of Firestorm appears as a playable character in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham, voiced by Nolan North.

The Jason Rusch / Martin Stein incarnation of Firestorm appears as a playable character in Injustice 2, voiced by Ogie Banks and Fred Tatasciore respectively.

The Jason Rusch / Martin Stein incarnation of Firestorm appears as a playable character in Lego DC Super-Villains.

Miscellaneous

The Ronnie Raymond incarnation of Firestorm appears in the Justice League Unlimited tie-in comic.

An unidentified Firestorm makes a cameo appearance in The Order of the Stick #359.

Collected editions

Firestorm the Nuclear Man - collects Firestorm the Nuclear Man #1–5, the unpublished #6 and backup stories from The Flash Vol.1 #289-293

Firestorm the Nuclear Man: Reborn - collects vol. 3 #23–27

The Fury of Firestorm the Nuclear Men Vol. 1: God Particle - collects vol. 4 #1–6; 144 pages, September 2012, 978-1401237004

The Fury of Firestorm the Nuclear Men Vol. 2: The Firestorm Protocols - collects vol. 4 #7–12 and #0; 160 pages, June 2013, 978-1401240325

The Fury of Firestorm the Nuclear Men Vol. 3: Takeover - collects vol. 4 #13–20; 176 pages, December 2013, 978-1401242923

The DC Universe by Dwayne McDuffie - collects Action Comics #847, The Demon #26-29, Impulse #60, JLA Showcase 80 Page Giant #1, Batman: Gotham Knights #27, Sins of Youth: Kid Flash/Impulse #1, Firestorm: The Nuclear Man vol. 3 #33-35; 280 pages, February 2023, 978-1779521637